Glossary

[ Saccharide ] Biochemical term for carbohydrate. Saccharides are sub-classified into monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.

[ Short-chain fatty acid, SCFA, volatile fatty acid, VFA ] Fatty acids with aliphatic tails of less than 6 carbon atoms. SCFAs do not require bile salts for digestion, passing directly from the from the gastrointestinal track to the portal system and can… Read More »Short-chain fatty acid

a type of protein involved in regulating cellular processes including the ageing and death of cells and their resistance to stress: [as modifier] : sirtuin proteins promote longevity in many organisms. Sirtuins have been implicated in influencing a wide range… Read More »Sirtuin

[ Sorbitol, Mannitol, Glucitol ] A polyol that is about half the sweetness of sucrose and 2.6 kcal/gram of energy. Sorbitol is an isomer of mannitol.

[ Starch ] Any of a group of polysaccharides found in plants that serve as structural material or energy store. Starch exists in higher concentrations in roots and grains and is comprised of 20 to 25% amylose and 75 to… Read More »Starch

[ Steroid ] Any of a class of organic compounds that contains four rings of carbon atoms (three six-membered and one five). They include certain alkaloids, hormones and vitamins.

[ Steviol Glycoside ] Any chemical compound, such as stevioside and rebaudioside, responsible for the sweet taste of the leaves of the tropical American stevia plant. Stevia glycosides have been reported to be 30 to 320 times sweeter than sucrose. They… Read More »Steviol Glycoside

[ Sucrose, Table sugar, Cane Sugar, Beet Sugar ] A disaccharide comprising of a glucose and a fructose molecule.